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What is Biodynamic agriculture?
In seeking an answer let us pose the further question: Can the Earth heal itself, or has the waning of the Earths vitality gone too far for this? No matter where our land is located, if we are observant we will see sure signs of illness in trees, in our cultivated plants, in the water, even in the weather.
Organic agriculture rightly wants to halt the devastation caused by humans; however, organic agriculture has no cure for the ailing Earth. From this the following question arises: What was the original source of vitality, and is it available now?
Biodynamics is a science of life-forces; recognition of the basic principles at work in nature, and an approach to agriculture which takes these principles into account to bring about balance and healing. In a very real way, then, Biodynamics is an ongoing path of knowledge rather than an assemblage of methods and techniques.
Some of the basic principles of Biodynamics are:
Broaden Our Perspective
Just as we need to look at the magnetic field of the whole earth to comprehend the compass, to understand plant life we must expand our view to include all that affects plant growth.
No narrow microscopic view will suffice.
Plants are utterly open to and formed by influences from the depths of the earth to the heights of the heavens.
Therefore our considerations in agriculture must range more broadly than is generally assumed to be relevant.
Reading the Book of Nature
Everything in nature reveals something of its essential character in its form and gesture.
Careful observations of nature in shade and full sun, in wet and dry areas, on different soils, will yield a more fluid grasp of the elements.
Eventually one learns to read the language of nature. And then one can be creative, bringing new emphasis and balance through specific actions.
Practitioners and experimenters over the last eighty years have added to the body of knowledge known as Biodynamics in a tremendous way.
Cosmic Rhythms
The light of the sun, moon, planets and stars reaches the plants in regular rhythms.
Each contributes to the life, growth and form of the plant.
By understanding the gesture and effect of each rhythm, we can time our ground preparation, sowing, cultivating and harvesting to the advantage of the crops we are raising.
Plant Life Is Intimately Bound Up with the Life of the Soil
Biodynamics recognizes that soil itself is alive, and this vitality supports and affects the quality and health of the plants that grow in it.
Therefore, one of Biodynamics fundamental efforts is to build up stable humus in our soil through composting.
A New View of Nutrition
We gain our physical strength from the process of breaking down the food we eat.
The more vital our food, the more it stimulates our own activity.
Thus, Biodynamic farmers and gardeners aim for quality, and not only quantity.
Chemical agriculture has developed short-cuts to quantity by adding soluble minerals to the soil.
The plants take these up via water, thus by-passing their natural ability to seek from the soil what is needed for health, vitality and growth.
The result is a deadened soil and artificially stimulated growth.
Biodynamics grows food with a strong connection to a healthy, living soil.
Medicine for the Earth: Biodynamic Preparations
Rudolf Steiner pointed out that a new science of cosmic influences would have to replace old, instinctive wisdom and superstition. Out of his own insight, he introduced what are known as biodynamic preparations.
Naturally occurring plant and animal materials are combined in specific recipes in certain seasons of the year and treated in specific ways to mature.
These preparations bear concentrated forces within them and are used to organize the chaotic elements within the compost piles.
When the process is complete, the resulting preparations are medicines for the Earth which draws new life forces from the cosmos.
Two of the preparations are used directly in the field.
One on the earth before planting, to stimulate soil life,
One on the leaves of growing plants to enhance their capacity to receive the light.
Effects of the preparations have been verified scientifically.
The Farm as the Basic Unit of Agriculture
In his Agriculture course, Rudolf Steiner posed the ideal of the self-contained farm that there should be just the right number of animals to provide manure for fertility, and these animals should, in turn, be fed from the farm.
We can seek the essential gesture of such a farm also under other circumstances.
It has to do with the preservation and recycling of the life-forces with which we are working. Vegetable waste, manure, leaves, food scraps, all contain precious vitality which can be held and put to use for building up the soil if they are handled wisely.
Composting is a key activity in Biodynamic work.
The farm is also a teacher, and provides the educational opportunity to imitate natures wise self-sufficiency within a limited area.
Observation
It is most important to note the emphasis Steiner placed on increasing the power of thinking as a tool for spiritual development because it runs quite counter to many approaches to spiritual development.
But anyone who works seriously out of biodynamics for a while will notice that unusual demands are placed upon one's inner life.
For example, through physical chemistry we can understand the role that nitrogen plays in plant growth. But Steiner rarely refers to that; rather, he speaks of the nitrogen process.
Can you visualize the growth of a plant over and again until you can move from the static picture of plant growth of orthodox botany so that your imagination can follow a plant from seed to seed stage in a living way?
And in doing so, can you visualize clearly how nitrogen works in this unfolding?
Can you follow nitrogen in its path from the atmosphere into the soil and plant and back again?
Can you do the same for potassium, silica, sulfur, or calcium?
It is this flexibility and strengthening of our soul that Steiner thought was required biodynamic work.
That he provided a path for the development of such new soul qualities may be his greatest contribution to humanity.
Ref http://www.biodynamics.com/biodynamics.html
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